Table 1

Overview of device types in remote patient monitoring

	Device	Data collected	Positives	Limitations
Physiological measurements	Pulse oximeter	Heart rate SpO₂	Low cost Widely available Non-invasive	False alarms Variable methodology Separate device
Physiological measurements	In-line monitor/non-invasive ventilation	Respiratory rate End-tidal CO₂	Does not require active participation	Only applicable for those on home oxygen
Lung function variables	Handheld spirometry	FEV₁ FVC (or FEV₆)		Time-consuming Accurate data collection requires more training Weakly associated with acute change in symptoms
Lung function variables	Peak expiratory flow meters	Peak expiratory flow rate	Cheaper, simpler than spirometry	Less widely used than spirometry Change does not precede exacerbation
Symptoms	Symptom diary or questionnaire	Respiratory symptoms Activity level	High compliance	Representative of a discrete time point Symptoms influenced by external factors
Device actuation	Self-reported or measured medication use	Monitor adherence to inhaled therapy	Correlates with symptom burden Can be used for maintenance and rescue inhalers Does not require active participation Objective surrogate for respiratory symptoms	Recall bias if reported

FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEV₆, forced expiratory volume in 6 s; FVC, forced vital capacity ; SpO₂, oxygen saturation.