Clinical features of study participants
| Clinical characteristics | Long COVID (symptomatic, n=49) | Post-COVID controls (asymptomatic, n=16) |
| Age range (median) | 25–65 (43) | 25–72 (34.5) |
| Female (%) | 30 (61.2%) | 8 (50%) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| White | 45 (91.8%) | 12 (75%) |
| Asian | 2 (4.1%) | 2 (12.5%) |
| Black | 1 (2%) | 1 (6.3%) |
| Mixed | 1 (2%) | 1 (6.3%) |
| Comorbidities 1 cancer, 1 controlled hypertension | 2 (4.1%) | 0 |
| Allergy or atopy | 16 (32.7%) | 1 (5.8%) |
| Mean days from acute COVID to study testing | 271.8 days | 321.6 days |
| Vaccination history at time of recruitment (at least one dose) | 1/49 (2.0%) | 14 (87.5%) |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected | 20/49 (40.8%) | 13/16 (81.3%) |
| Long COVID symptoms | ||
| Fatigue | 36 (73.5%) | Not applicable |
| Constitutional | 31 (63.3%) | Not applicable |
| Breathlessness | 19 (38.8%) | Not applicable |
| Post-exertional malaise | 35 (71.4%) | Not applicable |
| Chest pain (non-cardiac) | 18 (36.7%) | Not applicable |
| Neurologic/neurosensory | 39 (79.6%) | Not applicable |
| Neuropsychiatric | 29 (59.2%) | Not applicable |
| Dysautonomia (postural tachycardia syndrome) | 14 (28.6%) | Not applicable |
| Ear, nose and throat | 22 (44.9%) | Not applicable |
| Gastrointestinal | 20 (40.8%) | Not applicable |
| Dermatological | 23 (46.9%) | Not applicable |