Comparison between MS, NMOSD, and MOG-Ab associated disease
MS | NMOSD | MOG-Ab | |
Approx. age at onset99–101 | 30s | 40s | 30s |
Female: male9 69 93 | 3:1 | 9:1 | 1.3:1 |
Coexisting autoimmune disease94 | Rare | Common | Rare |
Clinical Course100 | Relapsing or progressive | Relapsing | Monophasic or relapsing |
ON69 94 99 102 | Usually mild with good recovery Bilateral simultaneous ON is rare Long-segment involvement is rare | Usually severe with limited recovery Bilateral simultaneous ON is common Can be longitudinally extensive | Usually severe with good recovery Bilateral simultaneous ON is very common Can be longitudinally extensive |
Transverse myelitis94 99 102 103 | Short-segment and partial/peripherally located | Usually LETM and centrally located | LETM or short-segment; central involvement is common Conus involvement can be characteristic |
Brain lesions100 102 104 | Lesions adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle (especially inferior temporal lobe) Ovoid lesion with perpendicular alignment to the lateral ventricle (ie, Dawson’s fingers) Subcortical U-fiber lesions | Variable:
| Variable:
|
CSF-specific OCBs37 69 88 92 93 100 | Common (up to 95%) | Less common (up to 30%) | Uncommon (up to 12%) |
ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; LETM, longitudinally-extensive transverse myelitis; MS, multiple sclerosis; NMO, neuromyelitis optica; OCBs, oligoclonal bands; ON, optic neuritis.