Table 3

Comparison between MS, NMOSD, and MOG-Ab associated disease

	MS	NMOSD	MOG-Ab
Approx. age at onset99–101	30s	40s	30s
Female: male9 69 93	3:1	9:1	1.3:1
Coexisting autoimmune disease94	Rare	Common	Rare
Clinical Course100	Relapsing or progressive	Relapsing	Monophasic or relapsing
ON69 94 99 102	Usually mild with good recovery Bilateral simultaneous ON is rare Long-segment involvement is rare	Usually severe with limited recovery Bilateral simultaneous ON is common Can be longitudinally extensive	Usually severe with good recovery Bilateral simultaneous ON is very common Can be longitudinally extensive
Transverse myelitis94 99 102 103	Short-segment and partial/peripherally located	Usually LETM and centrally located	LETM or short-segment; central involvement is common Conus involvement can be characteristic
Brain lesions100 102 104	Lesions adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle (especially inferior temporal lobe) Ovoid lesion with perpendicular alignment to the lateral ventricle (ie, Dawson’s fingers) Subcortical U-fiber lesions	Variable: can appear normal and/or non-specific hypothalamic, periaqueductal grey and area postrema lesions seen	Variable: can appear normal and/or non-specific can appear similar to ADEM ‘fluffy’, that is, poorly demarcated T2-hyperintensities
CSF-specific OCBs37 69 88 92 93 100	Common (up to 95%)	Less common (up to 30%)	Uncommon (up to 12%)

ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; LETM, longitudinally-extensive transverse myelitis; MS, multiple sclerosis; NMO, neuromyelitis optica; OCBs, oligoclonal bands; ON, optic neuritis.