Article Text

Download PDFPDF
CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders: MS, NMOSD and MOG antibody associated disease
  1. Jacqueline F Rosenthal1,2,
  2. Benjamin M Hoffman1,2,
  3. William R Tyor1,2
  1. 1 Neurology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
  2. 2 Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr William R Tyor, Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; wtyor{at}emory.edu

Abstract

Although Multiple Sclerosis is the most common central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorder, other CNS inflammatory disorders should be included as diagnostic considerations. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease are less common but share some clinical characteristics, such as optic neuritis and myelitis, which can make a specific diagnosis challenging. However, these disorders have distinctive and generally different clinical phenotypes, prognosis and management. It is imperative to distinguish each from one another, especially since the treatments (not discussed in this review) can be different. The advent of reliable testing for anti-aquaporin-4 for NMOSD and anti-MOG antibodies has helped significantly; however, diagnosis can remain challenging, especially in sero-negative cases. Clinical indicators are important to guide diagnostic work-up. Careful review of the history, neurological exam, imaging, and/or spinal fluid results are essential to making an accurate diagnosis. In this review, we will examine the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and natural history of these inflammatory CNS disorders.

  • multiple sclerosis
  • neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
  • myelin oligodendrocyte (MOG) antibody associated disease

Statistics from Altmetric.com

Request Permissions

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.

Footnotes

  • Contributors JFR and BMH drafted the manuscript. WRT contributed to the discussion and reviewed and edited the manuscript.

  • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

  • Patient consent for publication Not required.