Article Text
PDF
Abstract
Anemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may be affected by trace element concentrations. While the concentrations of trace elements are known to be altered in CKD, the relationship between trace element and hemoglobin concentrations has not been systematically investigated in a large cohort. This study aims to examine associations between trace element concentrations and anemia in patients with CKD. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected from 2011 to 2014 were used for this analysis. The participants who were more than 20 years old were included. A total of 3057 participants were included; the final cohort was divided into two groups based on CKD status. The concentrations of hemoglobin, iron, zinc, and manganese were significantly lower in participants with than without CKD (all p<0.05). Multivariate analyses showed that in patients without CKD, hemoglobin concentrations correlated positively with iron, zinc, and cadmium (β=0.005, 0.009, and 0.33, respectively), but correlated negatively with copper levels (β=−0.002). In patients with CKD, hemoglobin concentrations correlated positively with cadmium and selenium, but negatively with copper levels (β=0.57, 0.007, and −0.008, respectively). The serum iron concentration was found to correlate positively with zinc, cadmium, and selenium, but negatively with copper and manganese concentrations in the total study population (all p<0.05). The associations between serum concentrations of trace elements and hemoglobin differ between patients with and without CKD. Further investigations are warranted to determine whether patients with CKD have distinct trace element requirements.
- anemia
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Footnotes
Contributors Conception and design: C-FP, C-CL, C-JL. Acquisition of data: C-FP, C-CL, C-JL. Analysis and interpretation of data: C-FP, C-CL, C-JL. Drafting of the manuscript: C-FP, C-CL, C-JL. Critical revision of the manuscript: C-FP, C-CL, C-JL. Final approval of the manuscript: C-FP, C-CL, C-JL. Guarantor of integrity of the entire study: C-FP, C-CL. Statistical analysis: C-FP, C-CL. Definition of intellectual content: C-FP, C-CL. Literature research: C-FP, C-CL. Clinical studies: C-FP, C-CL. Experimental studies: C-FP, C-CL. Obtaining funding: C-FP, C-CL. Administrative, technical, or material support: C-FP, C-CL. Supervision: C-FP, C-CL.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Disclaimer The interpretation and reporting of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data are the sole responsibility of the authors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Request Permissions
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.