Oral DMTS
| Treatment | Dose/administration | FDA approval | Common side effects |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teriflunomide Aubagio | 7 mg or 14 mg orally once daily | To reduce frequency of clinical exacerbations by 31–36% in RRMS at 2 years Approved 2012 Pregnancy category X | Headache, hair thinning, diarrhea, nausea Mild elevation LFTs and decreased WCC |
| Fingolimod Gilenya | 0.5 mg orally QDAY | Decrease disability and reduces frequency by 54% of clinical exacerbations in RRMS Approved 2010 Pregnancy category C | Headache, influenza-like symptoms, diarrhea, back pain, pain in extremities, cough Bradycardia and/or increased BP on first dose Rare macular edema Mild elevation LFTs and decreased WCC |
| Dimethyl fumarate Tecfidera | 120 mg orally two times a day first week, then 240 mg orally two times a day | To reduce frequency of clinical exacerbations by 45–50% in RRMS Approved 2013 Pregnancy category C | Flushing, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain Mild increase LFTs and decreased WCC |
BP, blood pressure; DMT, disease-modifying therapy; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; LFTs, liver enzyme tests; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; WCC, white cell count.